Poverty rates are almost double the national average in areas surrounding streets named after Martin Luther King Jr., according to , and educational attainment is much lower.
Our geography research, published in the  in September 2020, analyzed the racial makeup and economic well-being of 22,286 census blocks in the U.S. with roadways bearing the slain civil rights leader’s name. Streets named after Martin Luther King typically run through multiple census blocks; we identified a total of 955 such streets in the United States.
The areas surrounding MLK streets are predominantly African American, with very few white residents, we found. This is particularly true in the South and Midwest. A notable exception includes California, where MLK neighborhoods have seen a recent increase in their Latino population.
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Why it matters
American cities began naming streets for the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. after his 1968 assassination to . Chicago was the first. In 1968, Mayor Richard Daley renamed 14 miles of , as Martin Luther King Jr. Drive.
Today cities in 41 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico have streets named for King.
According to , the streets that bear his name were selected from areas that have higher African American populations than citywide averages. MLK avenues, boulevards and drives are, the journalist Jonathan Tilove once wrote, “.â€
Most of America’s MLK neighborhoods, from , Alabama, to Harlem in New York City, were born of . And in the second half of the 20th century, they experienced the sharpest decline in urban industry, sending local jobs from the cities to suburbs.
The street has new lights and some longstanding businesses, but crime and blight still an issue.
These historic events first caused, then structurally perpetuated, deprivation in MLK neighborhoods. Concentrated urban poverty , especially after the economic recession of the 1970s. In many cities, the  was compounded by , leading to property devaluation, industrial pollution and disrepair.
The result is that MLK neighborhoods have become what Alderman calls a “racialized†landscape. Systematically ignored for , they are now negatively stereotyped as marginal places where .
What other research is being done
Our study builds on  by revealing that the neighborhoods around them are highly racially segregated.
But they are also vibrant commercial districts.
In 2007, geographer  analyzed businesses on streets named after King, examining their numbers, annual sales and staff size. His study concluded these businesses are comparable in terms of revenue and jobs provided to those located on other commercial arteries — namely, Main Streets and streets named after President John F. Kennedy.
Mitchelson’s analysis also found that MLK streets have proportionally more churches and government offices than Main Streets or JFK streets.
What still isn’t known
Research on  suggests the marginalization of MLK neighborhoods could make their residents more vulnerable to natural disasters and , but this connection has yet to be studied.
Finally, the arrival of Latinos to MLK neighborhoods left us wondering: Will increasing diversity bring an end to the negative stereotyping of these areas — or simply change those stereotypes?
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